Filters lighten themselves and darken colours on the opposite side of the colour wheel. How much effect this has depends a bit on exposure as well as the colour and brightness in the subject. If you spot-meter through a filter you can take that into account. Using factors, I tend to increase exposure a bit over the theoretical.
Yellow tends to darken blues. It also darkens shadows in snow, sometimes more than one would expect if there is a lot of UV around.
In California at the end of the summer, most of the grass is a light brown, so a yellow tends to bleach it more. Oddly, a green can actually darken it a bit.
Orange tends to darken greens as much as blues. I think the only orange filter I have is in 40.5mm size, which shows how little I use one!
Green can help separate different types of green. It can over darken skies, and anything reddish. It can tame the blue sensitivity of Ortho film, but you need to do some tests. It would not be a good choice with reddish light.
Typically I carry a yellow or yellow/green, and a green. Most exposures are made without a coloured filter though. When I lived in the UK, I did find that orange can help with the Victorian red brick buildings and punch up contrast generally under overcast conditions.